White spots on the gums vary in type— some are small, big, or even patchy or lacy. Some white spots are elevated, while others are flat as if it is just a discolouration. They may also cause some pain or discomfort, depending on the cause.
Ultimately, white spots on the gums are still unusual. While mild issues may heal on their own, other white spot lesions may be a serious indicator of an underlying concern. So, whether they are painful or not, it is best to get it checked so your dentist can determine the underlying cause.
Causes of White Spots on Gums
There are several causes of white spots on the gums, here are the common ones:
Canker Sores
This is the most common cause of white spots on the gums. It is a painful, white mouth ulcer with a bright red ring around it. Usually, canker sores happen due to trauma when the gums are accidentally poked. But, they can also be triggered by stress, nutrition and vitamin deficiencies, hormonal changes, and allergies.
Oral Thrush
This fungal infection causes a creamy or patchy white lesion on the gums and inner cheek. They may be slightly elevated and may cause some discomfort. While it looks a bit scary, oral thrush is not contagious.
Leukoplakia
This thick, white, and patchy discolouration may appear on the gums, inner cheeks, and tongue. They thicken and harden over time, but they can usually go away independently. However, if they persist and start to speckle, it is best to re-assess it as leukoplakia can be precancerous.
Oral Lichen Planus
This inflammatory condition leads to white, lace-like patches on the gums. Like with other white spots on the gums, a mild condition of oral lichen planus can go away without treatment. But, it may flare up later in life as an autoimmune response.
Symptoms of White Spots on Gums
Not all white spots on the gums show signs and symptoms, especially in their early stages. But, this is still an abnormality of the mouth that needs to be checked by a dental professional to ensure that there is nothing to be concerned about.
Depending on the cause, here are some symptoms you may experience:
- Pain or discomfort
- Redness and swelling of the gums
- Burning sensation
- Sensitivity to hot or acidic foods
- Bleeding on the gums
- Difficulty in opening the mouth
Treatment Options for White Spots on Gums
The treatment for white spots depends on the cause. White spot lesions are curable on their own. However, the general rule is that, if it persists up to a week and the lesion has become too painful with new symptoms such as bleeding, make an appointment with your dentist so they can determine the best solution.
Canker Sore Treatment
Minor canker sores resolve in a week. Once the irritant is removed, such as a poking wire from a dental appliance or a random fishbone from eating, the pain and ulcer should disappear. You may speed up the healing with a warm saltwater rinse and try to avoid anything that will irritate the ulcer, such as spicy or acidic foods.
But, major canker sores will need treatment. Depending on how severe it is, some professional recommendations may include:
- Pain medications
- Steroids
- Surgical removal
Oral Thrush Treatment
The most effective treatment to persistent oral thrush is antifungal medications which may come in tablets, mouth rinses, mouth gel, and lozenges. While you are on medication, you may also use a warm saltwater rinse to speed up the treatment.
Leukoplakia Treatment
Leukoplakia involves more advanced treatment measures with biopsy. If benign, removing the source of irritation should be done first. Then, antiviral drugs or topical medications are prescribed depending on the cause of the leukoplakia.
But, if it is precancerous, the entire lesion must be removed through surgery, then the cryoprobe technique is done to destroy any remaining cancerous cells.
Oral Lichen Planus Treatment
Corticosteroids are prescribed to patients with oral lichen planus to reduce inflammation. This medication can be topical, oral, or injectable. Some severe cases may require an immunosuppressant to prevent the symptoms from getting worse.
Prevention and Maintenance of Oral Health
While some white spots on the gums may be due to genetic factors or an autoimmune condition, most of it is usually because of irritants, making them highly preventable. Keeping your oral health in great condition is key to making sure that these white spots, and other dental problems, do not cause serious health concerns.
Maintain good oral hygiene— brush, floss, rinse
Use a soft-bristled toothbrush with a fluoride-rich toothpaste to remove plaque and other food debris that may cause irritation and cause white spots to appear on the gums. After that, floss and rinse with antibacterial mouthwash for a whole mouth clean.
Visit your dentist twice a year
Routine dental visits for check-ups and professional teeth cleaning help with prevention and early treatment of budding dental problems. This is especially important for leukoplakia which can be precancerous. Early diagnosis helps avoid extensive procedures.
Avoid tobacco and other irritants
Tobacco is a risk factor for white spots in the gums and even oral cancers. Avoid smoking tobacco products to keep your smile and overall health in excellent condition.
FAQs
How long do white spots on the gums last?
Mild conditions should go away after a week. If you are experiencing severe discomfort, your dentist may recommend topical pain relief. However, if the white spot persists for more than a week, visit a healthcare professional so they can determine the cause and provide suitable treatment.
Should I pop a white spot on my gums?
Avoid popping or touching the white spot on your gums as this may cause irritation and worsen the situation. Allow it to resolve on its own. But if it is bothering you, you can always consult with a dentist.
Conclusion
White spots on the gums can mean many things. But whether it is due to an irritant, such as your dental braces, or an indication of a more serious condition, our team at Chinook Dental Group is here to help.
If you have a white spot on your gums and you do not know what to do, book an appointment with us. We have an experienced team that can give expert diagnosis and treatment to ease your worries!
